How to run OpenAI Codex CLI in a cloud sandbox

On Runtime, Codex gets a whole machine to itself and never holds your key. Every sandbox is a Firecracker microVM with its own Linux kernel, Ubuntu 24.04 and Node.js 24, so the npm package installs unchanged. The OpenAI key is stored as a Runtime secret. The sandbox sees a placeholder, and the host's proxy adds the real key only to requests to api.openai.com. A 2 vCPU, 4 GiB sandbox costs $0.03125 an hour while the agent waits on the model. Codex 0.164.0 was the current npm release on 25 October 2026.

Store the key once

codex exec reads its key from CODEX_API_KEY. Store yours as a secret bound to OpenAI's API host:

Terminalprintf %s "$OPENAI_API_KEY" | npx withruntime secrets set CODEX_API_KEY --host api.openai.com

Every sandbox in your account then has CODEX_API_KEY set to a placeholder, such as rtsec_3f9c…. Only an HTTPS request to api.openai.com carries the real value. The value is sealed when you store it. No API, tool or command returns it (secrets sandboxes never see).

OpenAI's guide says to set CODEX_API_KEY inline, not job-wide, when running code that a repository controls. A secret goes further. The code in the sandbox, Codex included, can read only the placeholder.

Run Codex on a repo

TypeScriptimport { writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";import { Sandbox } from "withruntime";const repo = "https://github.com/your-org/your-repo";const task = "Find and fix the failing test in the parser, then run the tests.";await using sbx = await Sandbox.create({ diskMiB: 8192, timeoutSeconds: 3600 });const slow = { check: true, timeoutMs: 600_000 } as const;await sbx.exec("npm install -g --prefix /workspace/.local @openai/codex", slow);await sbx.exec(["git", "clone", "--depth", "1", repo, "/workspace/app"], slow);// From here on the agent reaches only the model and the npm registry.await sbx.network.set({ internet: true, allow: ["api.openai.com", "registry.npmjs.org"] });const run = await sbx.exec(  ["codex", "exec", "--sandbox", "danger-full-access", "--ephemeral", task],  {    cwd: "/workspace/app",    timeoutMs: 1_800_000,    onStderr: (text) => process.stderr.write(text),  },);console.log(run.exitCode, run.stdout); // stdout holds Codex's final messageawait sbx.exec("git add -A && git diff --cached > /workspace/change.patch", {  cwd: "/workspace/app",  check: true,});await writeFile("change.patch", await sbx.files.readText("/workspace/change.patch"));

Pythonimport sysfrom withruntime import Sandboxrepo = "https://github.com/your-org/your-repo"task = "Find and fix the failing test in the parser, then run the tests."with Sandbox.create(disk_mib=8192, timeout_seconds=3600) as sbx:    sbx.exec("npm install -g --prefix /workspace/.local @openai/codex",             check=True, timeout_ms=600_000)    sbx.exec(["git", "clone", "--depth", "1", repo, "/workspace/app"],             check=True, timeout_ms=600_000)    sbx.network.set(internet=True, allow=["api.openai.com", "registry.npmjs.org"])    run = sbx.exec(        ["codex", "exec", "--sandbox", "danger-full-access", "--ephemeral", task],        cwd="/workspace/app",        timeout_ms=1_800_000,        on_stderr=sys.stderr.write,    )    print(run.exit_code, run.stdout)  # stdout holds Codex's final message    sbx.exec("git add -A && git diff --cached > /workspace/change.patch",             cwd="/workspace/app", check=True)    with open("change.patch", "w") as file:        file.write(sbx.files.read_text("/workspace/change.patch"))

What each part does:

• --prefix /workspace/.local puts the codex command in /workspace/.local/bin, first on the sandbox's PATH, with no sudo.
• --sandbox danger-full-access turns off Codex's own command sandbox. OpenAI's guide says to use it "only in a controlled environment (for example, an isolated CI runner or container)". A microVM that holds no key and reaches two hosts is that environment. For Codex's own read-only default, leave the flag out. --sandbox workspace-write lets Codex edit files in the checkout.
• --ephemeral keeps session files off the disk.
• The clone matters. codex exec refuses to run outside a Git repository unless you pass --skip-git-repo-check.
• Output: Codex streams progress to stderr and prints its final message to stdout. The diff comes back as a file. A large change is therefore never cut at the 64 KiB result limit.
• The task is an array element, so no shell reads its quotes or symbols.

The sandbox trusts the certificate that its proxy uses for a secret's host. It does this through SSL_CERT_FILE, which Codex reads for its HTTPS and WebSocket clients.

Headless flags that matter

Checked in OpenAI's documentation on 25 October 2026:

--full-auto is no longer supported. OpenAI's guide names --sandbox workspace-write in its place.

To keep a checkout between tasks, pause the sandbox instead of stopping it. Its files, memory and processes are kept, and compute billing stops.

Give Codex Runtime as a tool

Codex on your own machine can create sandboxes, run commands in them and read files back through Runtime's MCP server:

Terminalcodex mcp add runtime -- npx -y withruntime mcp

Or, in ~/.codex/config.toml:

toml[mcp_servers.runtime]command = "npx"args = ["-y", "withruntime", "mcp"]

The first call shows a link and a code. Approve Connect agent in your browser, and every Runtime tool appears, with no key to copy (MCP). A machine already connected by npx withruntime login skips that step. In CI, RUNTIME_API_KEY from a secret manager takes its place.

Every tool is listed in MCP tools. Coding agents has the same setup for Claude Code, Cursor, Gemini CLI and VS Code.

What it costs

Runtime bills the CPU the agent uses at $0.025 per vCPU-hour, with a floor of a twentieth of a vCPU. Memory is billed at $0.0075 per GiB-hour. A 2 vCPU, 4 GiB sandbox costs $0.03125 an hour while Codex waits on the model. With both CPUs busy, it costs $0.08 an hour (pricing). OpenAI bills model tokens on your key.

A new account gets 100 free hours of a 1 GB machine in its first 30 days. No card is needed:

Terminalnpx withruntime sandboxes run -- node --version

The first run prints a link to approve in your browser. The same setup for Anthropic's agent is in Claude Code in a sandbox. A sandbox for coding agents covers running many at the same time.

Sources

Checked 25 October 2026.

• Codex on GitHub: npm install -g @openai/codex
• Non-interactive mode: codex exec, --sandbox, --json, -o, --skip-git-repo-check, --ephemeral, CODEX_API_KEY, and the guidance on danger-full-access
• Environment variables: CODEX_API_KEY, CODEX_CA_CERTIFICATE and SSL_CERT_FILE
• Authentication: API keys for CI
• @openai/codex on npm: version 0.164.0

Facts on this page were checked on 25 October 2026.